五四运动
The May 4th Movement
之一次世界大战后，帝国主义对中国加紧侵略，北洋军阀 *** 对外妥协投降，对内残酷压迫人民，给中国带来了深重的民族危机。
After World War I, the imperialists stepped up their aggression against China while the Northern Warlord government resorted to compromise and capitulation externally and to ruthless oppression of the people internally, thus landing China in a grave national crisis.
resort to sth· to make use of sth, especially sth bad, as a means of achieving sth, often because there is no other possible solution· 诉诸；求助于；依靠 SYNhave recourse to：They felt obliged to resort to violence. 他们觉得有必要诉诸暴力。
capitulateverb [V] ~ (to *** / sth)
1. to agree to do sth that you have been refusing to do for a long time
· 屈服；屈从 SYN give in , yield ：They were finally forced to capitulate to the terrorists demands. 他们最后被迫屈从恐怖主义分子的要求。
2. to stop resisting an enemy and accept that you are defeated
· 投降 SYN surrender ：The town capitulated after a three-week siege.
这座城镇被围困三个星期后投降了。
ruthlessadj. (disapproving)(of people or their behaviour 人或其行为)· hard and cruel; determined to get what you want and not caring if you hurt other people· 残酷无情的；残忍的：a ruthless dictator 残酷无情的独裁者
这一句说明帝国主义和北洋军阀的所作所为及其后果，说明后果的部分是用分词短语来翻译的。
之一次世界大战译作World War I或the First World War均可。但请注意，前一种译法不要定冠词，后一种译法要定冠词。
北洋军阀 *** → the Northern Warlord government
妥协投降→compromise and capitulation
民族危机→national crisis
一九一九年巴黎和会上中国外交的失败，激起了中国人民的极大愤慨。五月四日，北京三千多学生在天安门前 *** ，它们高呼外争国权，内惩国贼、废除二十一条等口号，举行*。
China’s diplomatic setback at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 aroused strong indignation among the Chinese people. On May 4, over three thousand Beijing students gathered in front of the Tian An Men, and then held a demonstration, shouting such slogans as Defend our sovereignty, punish the traitors!, Abolish the Twenty-one Demands!
indignationnoun [U] ~ (at / about sth) | ~ (that...)· a feeling of anger and surprise caused by sth that you think is unfair or unreasonable· 愤慨；愤怒；义愤：The rise in train fares has aroused public indignation. 火车票提价激起了公愤。
traitornoun ~ (to *** / sth)· a person who gives away secrets about their friends, their country, etc.· 背叛者；叛徒；卖国贼：He was seen as a traitor to the socialist cause. 他被视为社会主义事业的叛徒。
这一句， *** 和*是主要行动，高呼口号是次要的，所以译作分词短语shouting such slogans as ...放在后面。
巴黎和会→the Paris Peace Conference
外争国权，内惩国贼→Defend our sovereignty, punish the traitors!，这种对仗的句子，切忌生硬地翻译。
废除二十一条→Abolish the Twenty-one Demands!
*→to demonstrate/ to hold a demonstration
他们要求惩办卖国贼曹汝霖、陆宗舆、章宗祥，并火烧了曹宅，痛打了章宗祥。北洋军阀 *** 出动军警*，捕去学生三十多名。
They called for punishment to be meted out to the traitors Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu and Zhang Zongxiang. They set fire to Cao’s residence and beat up Zhang. The government called out troops and policemen to suppress the demonstrators and over thirty students were arrested.
mete sth out (to *** )(formal)· to give *** a punishment; to make *** suffer bad treatment· 给予惩罚；责罚；使受苦：Severe penalties were meted out by the court. 法庭判定予以严惩。
前半句说明学生的要求，后半句说明他们的行动，译文在中间断句。
上文已经说清楚，当时的 *** 是the Northern Warlord government
，这一句，虽然原文重复北洋军阀 *** ，译文也不重复，只译作 The government就够了。
原文的*后面没有宾语，译文suppress 是及物动词，后面要求有宾语，所以加了the demonstrators。
那时候，各地学生纷纷响应北京学生的反帝爱国斗争。具有初步共产主义思想的知识分子李大钊、 *** 、周恩来等通知分别在北京、长沙、天津，指导了这个伟大的反帝运动。
Immediately, the students in one part of the country after another rose in support of the anti-imperialist patriotic struggle launched by the students in Beijing. Comrades Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other intellectuals who already had some knowledge of communi *** guided this great movement in Beijing, Changsha, Tianjin respectively.
communi *** noun [U] a political movement that believes in an economic system in which the state controls the means of producing everything on behalf of the people. It aims to create a society in which everyone is treated equally.· 共产主义
六月三日，北京学生组织演讲队，开展大规模的宣传活动，军阀 *** 对学生的*变本加厉，捕去一百七十多人。
On June 3, the students of Beijing formed groups of speakers and carried out extensive publicity work. The government intensified its suppression and arrested over 170 students.
publicitynoun [U] the attention that is given to *** / sth by newspapers, television, etc.· (媒体的)关注，宣传，报道：good / bad / adverse publicity 有利的 / 不利的 / 反面的报道
宣传活动译作publicity一词就够了，不必再加activities。
变本加厉→to intensify
六•三以后，主要是青年学生参加的五四爱国运动，发展成为无产阶级、小资产阶级和民族资产阶级共同参的全国范围的革命运动。无产阶级成为运动的主力。
From this point on, the May 4th patriotic movement, hitherto conducted mainly by the student youth, became a nation-wide revolutionary movement in which the proletariat, the petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie all took part, with the proletariat as the mainstay.
hithertoadv. (formal)· until now; until the particular time you are talking about· 迄今；直到某时：a hitherto unknown species of moth 迄今仍属未知种类的蛾
bourgeoisienoun the bourgeoisie [sing. + sing. / pl. v] the middle classes in society· 中产阶级：the rise of the bourgeoisie in the nineteenth century 十九世纪中产阶级的兴起
proletariat· the class of ordinary people who earn money by working, especially those who do not own any property· 无产阶级；工人阶级
这一句比较长。五四爱国运动和全国范围的革命运动各带一个很长的定语。这两个短语可译成短语，也可以译成从句，放在各自修饰的中心词后面就行了。
hitherto conducted mainly by the student youth是一个分词短语，这样译比较简洁。也可以译作介词短语mainly with the student youth taking part in it，或译作从句which had been conducted by the student youth。
上海、唐山、长辛店等地工人纷纷 *** *** ，中国工人阶级之一次作为觉悟了的独立的政治力量登上政治舞台，显示了它的伟大力量。
Large numbers of workers in Shanghai, Tangshan, Changxindian and elsewhere went on strike and held demonstrations. For the first time in Chinese history, the working class appeared as an awakened, independent force in the political arena, demonstrating its tremendous strength.
前半句说的是上海等地的工人，后半句说的是中国工人阶级，译文在中间断句。
纷纷本是状语，但是one after another或in succession 之类的短语用在这里都不合适，所以译成Large numbers of ，和workers 结合起来，意思是一样的。
显示了它的伟大力量。是中国工人积极登上政治舞台产生的结果。它的主语也是中国工人阶级，所以译作分词短语 demonstrating...
*** →to go on strike
在全国人民反帝爱国斗争下，北洋军阀 *** 被迫释放被捕学生，撤销三个卖国贼的职务，拒绝在对德和约上签字，反帝反封建斗争取得了初步胜利。
Under the pressure of the nation-wide anti-imperialist patriotic struggle, the Warlord government had to set free the students it had arrested, di *** iss the three traitors from office, and withhold its signature from the Peace Treaty with Germany. This marked an initial victory for the struggle against imperiali *** and feudali *** .
withholdverb ~ sth (from *** / sth)(formal)· to refuse to give sth to *** · 拒绝给；不给 SYN keep back ： She was accused of withholding information from the police. 她被指控对警方知情不报。
这一句，原文前半句说军阀 *** 被迫做了三件事，后半句说反帝反封建斗争取得了初步胜利，分作两句译，比较清楚。
五四运动是一次彻底的不妥协的反帝反封建的革命运动，它促成了中国工人运动同马克思主义的结合，在思想上和干部上为中国 *** 的成立佐了准备，是中国新民主主义革命的开端。
The May 4th Movement was a thoroughgoing, uncompromising revolutionary movement against imperiali *** and feudali *** . It was instrumental in bringing about the integration of Marxi *** with China’s labor movement, and it paved the way, both in ideology and in the matter of cadres, for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party. It ushered in China’s new-democratic revolution.
thoroughgoingadj. [only before noun]
1. very thorough; looking at every detail· 彻底的；仔细的：
a thoroughgoing revision of the text 对文本认真仔细的校订
2. complete· 完全的；全面的；彻底的：
a thoroughgoing commitment to change 对变革的全面承诺
cadrenoun (formal)
1. [C + sing. / pl. v] · a *** all group of people who are specially chosen and trained for a particular purpose· 骨干(队伍)
2. [C] · a member of this kind of group· 干部
定语太多，所以反帝反封建没有译作anti-imperialist and anti-feudal，而译作against imperiali *** and feudali *** 。
最后一段，原文是一句，译文根据内容分成了三句。
重点表达
之一次世界大战 World War Ⅰ/ the First World War
对…加紧侵略step up ones aggression against
北洋军阀 *** the Northern Warlord government
resort to诉诸于
妥协投降 compromise and capitulation
残酷压迫人民ruthless oppression of the people
给…带来了深重的民族危机land …in a grave national crisis
巴黎和会the Paris Peace Conference
激起了…的极大愤怒arouse strong indignation among…
举行*hold a demonstration
放火烧set fire to
痛打beat up
反帝爱国斗争anti-imperialist patriotic struggle
开展大规模宣传活动carry out extensive publicity work
变本加厉intensify
无产阶级the proletariat
工人阶级the working class
小资产阶级the petty bourgeoisie
民族资产阶级the national bourgeoisie
*** go on strike
政治舞台the political arena
初步胜利an initial victory
反帝反封建斗争the struggle against imperiali *** and feudali ***
